Colorectal surgery is a blanket term used to describe a number of surgeries that fix problems the lower gut. This can include organs such as the bowel, colon, rectum, anus. You could need colorectal to help treat a condition like Crohn's disease, or in hopes of curing colon cancer. Learn more about the surgeries included in this category.
Colorectal surgeries are procedures that are done to correct a damaged or disease section of your lower intestinal tract. This may be a result of cancer, a malformation, another disease process, or some sort of injury or infection.
Colorectal surgeries can be done using a variety of surgical techniques. Your surgeon will work with you to decide which option is best given your overall health and specific medical condition.
Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries have the lowest rate of complications, but open surgeries -where a large cut is made in the abdomen- are still required in some more complicated cases.
If you are having a laparoscopic colorectal surgery, it will be done as an inpatient procedure, and you can anticipate several days in the hospital- based on how well you recover. The following steps may be taken to prepare you for surgery.
These surgeries may be performed in both adults and children, although they are more common in adults. Some of the most common reasons for needing colorectal surgery are cancers of the lower gut, but there are noncancerous reasons, as well as emergency reasons, for these surgeries, too.
There are several ways colorectal surgery may be performed. Below is an overview of the techniques most often used, and in which situations.
This is the most common method for colorectal surgery, and the one preferred by many healthcare providers. It requires only one incision in most cases, and most of the surgery is done with minimally invasive tools including a camera and surgical instruments operated remotely by the surgeon.
Laparoscopic surgery takes longer than traditional, open procedures, but evidence has shown that this option provides better recovery and fewer post-operative complications.
This option isn’t for everyone, though. People who have other organ involvement—like adhesions that spread to neighboring organs—or who have had multiple abdominal surgeries already are not usually candidates for laparoscopic surgery.
Robotic surgery is another minimally-invasive option. Robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery have a lot in common, with both using cameras and surgical tools through a single or minimal incisions. This option also provides improved healing and reduced complications after surgery, in most cases
Robotic surgery offers a bit more precision than laparoscopic surgery though, providing the surgeon with a clearer, more detailed view of the surgical area, and more control of the surgical tools.
Open surgery is usually performed when minimally invasive techniques won’t work. This could happen when there is too much damage or too large of an area to repair with laparoscopic or robotic surgery or when the surgeon needs to see a larger area to complete the procedure.
There are rarely contraindications for colorectal surgery, other than for certain techniques. For example, if you need extensive surgical repair or you have had other surgeries in the same area, laparoscopic surgery might not be an option for you.
As far as surgery in general goes, there are a few things to watch out for since you will be undergoing general anesthesia:
There are a number of risks associated with any surgery—particularly those that require general anesthesia. Some of the risks specific to colorectal surgeries include:
Surgical site infections: Due to the nature of the location of colorectal surgery and the body fluids and functions involved in these body systems, infection is a major concern after colorectal surgery.
Leaks at the connection site: In most colorectal surgeries, something is removed, and a new connection is made. Sometimes, when the surgeons reconnect tissue during colorectal surgery, there can be problems with healing.
Connections that don’t heal properly can leak, and leaked waste products can cause serious problems in the abdominal cavity. This is called anastomotic leakage, and it’s one of the most serious complications of colorectal surgery.
Roughly a third of deaths after colorectal surgery can be attributed to this problem. This complication may need to be repaired with another surgery.
Post-operative bleeding: This is a risk with most surgeries, but is less common than other complications that can occur with colorectal surgery.
Ileus: Ileus is the term used to describe a lack of movement in your intestines. During surgery, anesthesia causes your bowels to stop working for a period of time. This is particularly important in surgeries involving the areas affected during colorectal surgery.
Sometimes, it can take a while for digestion and movement in the bowels to resume after surgery. Medications and time usually resolve this problem.
Colorectal surgery is a procedure that is done to fix a problem like an obstruction, tumor, or tear in the lower gut. If the flow of food or waste through your intestines, colon, or rectum are disrupted, you can become very sick.
In colorectal surgery, obstructions are cleared, tears are repaired, or damaged sections are removed and the ends are reattached. In some cases, your surgeon may have to create an ostomy, or a hole on the outside of your body, so that waste can be removed directly, rather than through your rectum and anus.
Colorectal surgery is a major surgical procedure. Prior to surgery, you will undergo a number of tests and scans, and your medications may change. You will also need to prepare your bowels by taking laxatives to clear your intestines before surgery.
During bowel prep, you will drink clear liquids and drink a laxative solution. The goal of this process is to clear your lower digestive tract of food and stool. This gives your surgeon a clear and clean surgical field to help prevent post-operative infections.
Colorectal surgeries are major surgical procedures done under general anesthesia. These surgeries can be done with open or minimally invasive procedures. Either option will take several hours and you will have to stay in the hospital for at least a few days.
After colorectal surgery, your recovery will depend a lot on what type of surgery you had - open or laparoscopic. The recovery period for an open surgery is more extensive, lasting several weeks.
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About 38% of adult patients suffer an adverse event during or following their surgery, researchers reported Wednesday in the BMJ.
Nearly half of these complications result in serious, life-threatening or fatal harm, results showed.
60% of the complications were potentially preventable and 21% were definitely or probably preventable, researchers report.
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